In construction, “mortar” is a mixture of sand, a binder such as cement or lime, and water, used to bond together building blocks, bricks, and stones. Mortar is typically used in masonry construction to fill and seal the gaps between the building materials and to provide structural support to the wall or other structures. The composition of mortar varies depending on the application and the type of building material being used.
Function
The primary function of mortar in construction is to bond together building blocks, bricks, or stones, providing structural support and stability to the wall or other structures. Key aspects of the function of mortar include:
- Bonding: Mortar bonds the building materials together, creating a solid and stable structure that can withstand vertical and lateral loads.
- Sealing: Mortar fills and seals the gaps between the building materials, preventing the penetration of water, air, and other environmental elements that could weaken the structure.
- Flexibility: Mortar provides a degree of flexibility to the wall or other structures, allowing them to adjust to minor movements without cracking or failing.
Types of Mortar
There are several types of mortar commonly used in construction, each with its own properties and applications:
- Portland Cement Mortar: Portland cement mortar is made from Portland cement, sand, and water and is commonly used for most masonry construction.
- Lime Mortar: Lime mortar is made from lime, sand, and water and is commonly used for historical restoration projects or where flexibility is required.
- Masonry Cement Mortar: Masonry cement mortar is made from masonry cement, sand, and water and is commonly used for masonry construction where higher strength is required.
- Epoxy Mortar: Epoxy mortar is made from epoxy resin, sand, and hardener and is commonly used for special applications such as repairing concrete or bonding metal components.
Applications
Mortar is used in a wide range of construction applications, including:
- Masonry Construction: Mortar is used to bond together building blocks, bricks, or stones in the construction of walls, foundations, and other masonry structures.
- Repointing: Mortar is used to repair or replace deteriorated mortar joints in existing masonry structures, a process known as repointing.
- Historical Restoration: Mortar is used in the restoration of historical buildings to replace deteriorated mortar joints and preserve the original appearance and integrity of the structure.
- Tile Setting: Mortar is used to set and grout tiles in place, providing a strong and durable bond between the tiles and the substrate.
Installation
Proper installation of mortar is essential for ensuring the quality and longevity of construction projects. Key aspects of the installation process include:
- Mix the Mortar: Mix the mortar according to the manufacturer’s instructions, using the appropriate proportions of sand, cement, lime, water, and any additives.
- Prepare the Surfaces: Ensure that the surfaces where the mortar will be applied are clean, dry, and free of any defects or damage.
- Apply the Mortar: Apply the mortar to the surfaces using a trowel, making sure to fill and seal the gaps between the building materials.
- Tool the Joints: Tool the mortar joints to the desired shape and finish, using a jointer or other appropriate tool to achieve the desired appearance and texture.
Conclusion
Mortar is a critical component of masonry construction, providing bonding, sealing, and flexibility to walls and other structures. By understanding the types, function, and installation of mortar, construction professionals can ensure the quality and longevity of construction projects in residential, commercial, and historical applications.
